Milk Thistle

Relative Bioavailability of Silybin A and Silybin B From 2 Multiconstituent Dietary Supplement Formulations Containing Milk Thistle Extract: A Single-dose Study.

Li Wen-Yi (2018) · Clinical therapeutics

Are alterations needed in Silybum marianum (Silymarin) administration practices? A novel outlook and meta-analysis on randomized trials targeting liver injury.

Shahsavari Kasra (2025) · BMC complementary medicine and therapies · n=3545

Topical silymarin administration for prevention of acute radiodermatitis in breast cancer patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Karbasforooshan Hedyieh (2019) · Phytotherapy research : PTR

Antioxidative effects of silymarin on the reduction of liver complications of fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A clinical trial study.

Ghiasian Masoud (2021) · Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology

Effect of Oral Silymarin Administration on Prevention of Radiotherapy Induced Mucositis: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Elyasi Sepideh (2016) · Phytotherapy research : PTR

The effects of silymarin supplementation on metabolic status and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Hadi Amir (2018) · Complementary therapies in medicine

Evaluation of the effect of Silybum marianum extract on menopausal symptoms: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Saberi Zohreh (2020) · Phytotherapy research : PTR

Rationale, challenges, and participants in a Phase II trial of a botanical product for chronic hepatitis C.

Reddy K Rajender (2012) · Clinical trials (London, England)

Effects of silymarin supplementation on blood lipids: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Mohammadi Hamed (2019) · Phytotherapy research : PTR

Evaluation of oral silymarin formulation efficacy in prevention of doxorubicin induced hepatotoxicity in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer.

Fatemi Shandiz Ashkan (2025) · Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners · n=50

The iron-chelating potential of silybin in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis.

Hutchinson C (2010) · European journal of clinical nutrition · n=10

Meta-analysis of the effect of herbal supplement on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Suksomboon Naeti (2011) · Journal of ethnopharmacology · n=487

Effects of a Combination of Berberis aristata, Silybum marianum and Monacolin on Lipid Profile in Subjects at Low Cardiovascular Risk; A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Derosa Giuseppe (2017) · International journal of molecular sciences

Silymarin decreases liver stiffness associated with gut microbiota in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Jin Yufeng (2024) · Lipids in health and disease · n=83

The safety and efficacy of a silymarin and selenium combination in men after radical prostatectomy - a six month placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial.

Vidlar Ales (2010) · Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia · n=19

Differences in the disposition of silymarin between patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic hepatitis C.

Schrieber Sarah J (2011) · Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals

Comparative effects of silymarin and vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress markers, and hemoglobin levels among patients on hemodialysis.

Roozbeh Jamshid (2011) · Renal failure

Silymarin Supplementation in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: Outcomes of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Clinical Study.

Zugravu Georgeta Stefanovici (2024) · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

Berberis aristata/Silybum marianum fixed combination on lipid profile and insulin secretion in dyslipidemic patients.

Derosa Giuseppe (2013) · Expert opinion on biological therapy

Efficacy and Safety of a Traditional Herbal Combination in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Mehrzadi Saeed (2021) · Journal of dietary supplements

Effects of Berberis aristata/Silybum marianum association on metabolic parameters and adipocytokines in overweight dyslipidemic patients.

Derosa G (2013) · Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents · n=105

The therapeutic effect of silymarin in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty disease: A meta-analysis (PRISMA) of randomized control trials.

Zhong Sheng (2017) · Medicine · n=587

Effect of silymarin on lipid profile and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Ferdowsi Samira (2024) · Phytotherapy research : PTR · n=48

The hepatorenal protective effects of silymarin in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Erfanian Safoora Sadat (2024) · BMC complementary medicine and therapies · n=100

The Effects of a Fixed Combination of Berberis aristata and Silybum marianum on Dyslipidaemia - A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review.

Tóth Barbara (2020) · Planta medica · n=491

Effect of silymarin (milk thistle) on liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C unsuccessfully treated with interferon therapy: a randomized controlled trial.

Fried Michael W (2012) · JAMA · n=2

A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of therapeutic effects of silymarin in β-thalassemia major patients receiving desferrioxamine.

Moayedi Behjat (2013) · European journal of haematology · n=49

Promising efficacy of oral nano-silymarin formulation on prevention of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity: a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Soleimani Vahid (2026) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · n=60

Topical Silymarin Administration for Prevention of Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Elyasi Sepideh (2017) · Phytotherapy research : PTR

Effect of Silymarin Administration on Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity: Report from A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Shahbazi Foroud (2015) · Phytotherapy research : PTR

Superior silybin bioavailability of silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex in oily-medium soft-gel capsules versus conventional silymarin tablets in healthy volunteers.

Méndez-Sánchez Nahum (2019) · BMC pharmacology & toxicology · n=11

Effects of silymarin on insulin resistance and sensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Yin Shao (2025) · Diabetes research and clinical practice · n=673

Effects of dietary inclusion of silymarin on performance, intestinal morphology and ileal bacterial count in aflatoxin-challenged broiler chicks.

Jahanian E (2017) · Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition

Adjunctive silymarin supplementation and its effects on disease severity, oxidative stress, and inflammation in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Navabi Seyed Mohammad (2024) · Nutritional neuroscience · n=33

Administration of silymarin in NAFLD/NASH: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Li Shudi (2024) · Annals of hepatology · n=2375

Semen quality, antioxidant status and reproductive performance of rabbits bucks fed milk thistle seeds and rosemary leaves.

Attia Youssef A (2017) · Animal reproduction science

Evaluation the effect of Silybum marianum ointment on episiotomy wound healing and pain intensity in primiparous women: a randomized triple blind clinical trial.

Toomari Elmira (2021) · BMC complementary medicine and therapies

Novel nutraceutical supplements with yeast β-glucan, prebiotics, minerals, and Silybum marianum (silymarin) ameliorate obesity-related metabolic and clinical parameters: A double-blind randomized trial.

Nehmi-Filho Victor (2022) · Frontiers in endocrinology · n=30

Silymarin (Milk Thistle) Treatment of Adults With Gambling Disorder: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Grant Jon E (2024) · Clinical neuropharmacology

Effect of silymarin on biochemical indicators in patients with liver disease: Systematic review with meta-analysis.

de Avelar Camila Ribeiro (2017) · World journal of gastroenterology · n=17

Coadministration of silymarin with iron chelators in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis for effect on iron overload.

Darvishi-Khezri Hadi (2021) · Expert review of clinical pharmacology

Effects of milk thistle meal on performance, ileal bacterial enumeration, jejunal morphology and blood lipid peroxidation in laying hens fed diets with different levels of metabolizable energy.

Hashemi Jabali N S (2018) · Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition

Berberis aristata/Silybum marianum fixed combination (Berberol(®)) effects on lipid profile in dyslipidemic patients intolerant to statins at high dosages: a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.

Derosa Giuseppe (2015) · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · n=175

The therapeutic effects of silymarin for patients with glucose/lipid metabolic dysfunction: A meta-analysis.

Xiao Fengyan (2020) · Medicine · n=1358

Effects berberine-silymarin on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Mohtashaminia Fatemeh (2022) · Clinical nutrition ESPEN · n=549

Silymarin in combination with hair follicle transplantation as a potential treatment for refractory vitiligo: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Feily Amir (2024) · Journal of cosmetic dermatology

Nutraceutical blends predict enhanced health via microbiota reshaping improving cytokines and life quality: a Brazilian double-blind randomized trial.

Santamarina Aline Boveto (2024) · Scientific reports

Use of selenium-silymarin mix reduces lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate specific antigen in men.

Vostalova Jitka (2013) · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · n=26

Silymarin and lycopene administration in periparturient dairy cows: effects on milk production and oxidative status.

Garavaglia L (2015) · New Zealand veterinary journal · n=10

Lower glycemic indices and lipid profile among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who received novel dose of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (silymarin) extract supplement: A Triple-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial.

Ebrahimpour-Koujan Soraiya (2018) · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Yang Zongguo (2014) · BioMed research international · n=167

Silymarin in non-cirrhotics with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.

Navarro Victor J (2019) · PloS one · n=116

Milk Thistle Treatment for Children and Adults with Trichotillomania: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Negative Study.

Grant Jon E (2019) · Journal of clinical psychopharmacology · n=16

The role of a fixed Berberis aristata/Silybum marianum combination in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Derosa Giuseppe (2016) · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)

Prophylactic Therapy of Silymarin (Milk Thistle) on Antituberculosis Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Tao Lina (2019) · Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · n=1198

Consumption of Sylimarin, Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Sodium Salt and Myricetin: Effects on Alcohol Levels and Markers of Oxidative Stress-A Pilot Study.

Bosco Gerardo (2024) · Nutrients

Evaluation of the Effect of Cichorium intybus L. on the Liver Enzymes in Burn Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Keshavarzi Abdolkhalegh (2024) · International journal of clinical practice · n=60

Phytoestrogens/insoluble fibers and colonic estrogen receptor β: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Principi Mariabeatrice (2013) · World journal of gastroenterology

Silymarin, Olibanum, and Nettle, A Mixed Herbal Formulation in the Treatment of Type II Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial.

Khalili Nahid (2017) · Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine

Immunomodulatory effects of silymarin in patients with β-thalassemia major.

Gharagozloo Marjan (2013) · International immunopharmacology · n=25

Can we consider silymarin as a treatment option for vitiligo? A double-blind controlled randomized clinical trial of phototherapy plus oral Silybum marianum product versus phototherapy alone.

Jowkar Farideh (2020) · The Journal of dermatological treatment · n=34

A randomized, placebo-controlled study on the effects of a nutraceutical combination of red yeast rice, silybum marianum and octasonol on lipid profile, endothelial and inflammatory parameters.

Derosa G (2014) · Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents

Effects of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (silymarin) extract supplementation on antioxidant status and hs-CRP in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Ebrahimpour Koujan Soraiya (2015) · Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · n=20

Preventive use of a hepatoprotectant against anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: A randomized controlled trial.

Zhang Simin (2016) · Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology

The activity of a herbal medicinal product of Phyllanthus niruri and Silybum marianum powdered extracts (Heptex®) in patients with apparent risk factors for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a phase II, multicentered, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Shaker Mohamed Kamal (2025) · BMC complementary medicine and therapies · n=146

Effects of Silybum marianum, Pueraria lobate, combined with Salvia miltiorrhiza tablets on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: A triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Li Bang-Yan (2024) · Clinical nutrition ESPEN · n=112

A Randomized Trial of Silymarin for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.

Wah Kheong Chan (2017) · Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · n=49

Nephroprotective Effects of Silymarin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Frounchi Negin (2025) · Biochemistry. Biokhimiia